To an orthogonal or unitary involution on a central simple algebra of degree 4, or to a symplectic involution on a central simple algebra of degree 8, we associate a Pfister form that characterises the decomposability of the algebra with involution. In this way we obtain a unified approach to known decomposability criteria for several cases, and a new result for symplectic involutions on degree-8 algebras in characteristic 2.
Becher, K.-J., Grenier-Boley, N., & Tignol, J.-P. (2024). The discriminant Pfister form of an algebra with involution of capacity four. Israel Journal of Mathematics, 264(1), 235-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2647-4 (Original work published 2024)