In recent years, power electronics have become increasingly widespread. This evolution
has, in turn, given rise to various electrical challenges—among them, the issue of grid
stability. Traditionally, the grid has been powered by large synchronous machines that
help maintain frequency stability. However, with time, more and more converters—i.e.,
power electronic devices composed of semiconductor switches that convert electrical en
ergy between DC and AC in various forms—are appearing in the low-voltage grid, which
is the focus of this thesis.
The growing presence of converters is fundamentally changing the nature of the grid, shift
ing it from a classical passive system to a more active one. In parallel, the grid impedance
is also evolving, moving from a well-modeled resistive–inductive structure toward a more
capacitive behavior. This change raises questions about the reference impedances cur
rently used in standards, which are not well adapted to today’s—and even less to tomor
row’s—grids. Another important concern is the increasing complexity of assessing the
control-related issues that arise as the number of synchronous machines decreases. This
work focuses on one particular aspect of these developments: power quality, and more
specifically, the harmonic content of current and voltage in the low-voltage grid.
While the main focus of this thesis lies in the harmonic domain, the analysis concentrates
on a specific frequency range known as the supraharmonic (SH) range, i.e., from 2 to 150
kHz. Nevertheless, some aspects related to low-frequency harmonics are also addressed.
Regarding the supraharmonic range, it is important to highlight that an increasing number
of converters operate within it, and that this range is also used for other purposes—such
as Power Line Communication (PLC). Despite the widespread use of this frequency band,
there is still a lack of standardization, leading to a somewhat ambiguous situation.
This thesis aims to investigate the issue of high-frequency harmonic production, referred
to as supraharmonics.