We characterize the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the two-tier heterogeneous networks without channel state information at the transmitters or cooperation among transmitters. We consider conventional transmitters while the users are equipped with a multimode receiver. In contrast to previous works focused on two-tier networks, the derived DoF consider themanagement of the intracell, the intercell, and intertier interference. The derived bounds define the DoF region for any two-tier network. Furthermore, these bounds are achievable by combining blind interference alignment schemes properly.
Morales-Cespedes, M., Vandendorpe, L., & Armada, A. G. (2019). Degrees of Freedom of 2-Tier Networks Without Channel State Information at the Transmitter. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 26(2), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2019.2891881 (Original work published 2019)