Transfert de nitrate à travers la zone non saturée du sol vers la nappe phréatique de la zone des Niayes : caractérisation et modélisation
(2010)
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- Authors
- Supervisors
- Vanclooster, Marnik
- Abstract
- (en) In this study, the groundwater pollution problem by nitrate in the Niayes region (Senegal) is studied using a regional diagnostic approach by rapid rural appraisal and a diagnostic approach at field scale by the methods of water balance and nitrogen balance. The Niayes region is characterized by a shallow water table and the predominance of relatively permeable sandy soils. This region is under pressure due to the important urbanization and the intensity of the horticultural activity which is accompanied by an increased use of nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides. Research has shown that there are relationships between pollution and environmental factors and anthropogenic environment. A plot experimental study on a tomato crop has shown the significant risk of nitrate leaching. Modelling in the same conditions as that of the experimental plot confirmed that significant risk of nitrate leaching. This risk is particularly important when organic fertilizer is applied without splitting at the beginning of the culture , as is generally the case. The evaluation of several scenarios showed that a low-flow irrigation allows to reduce drainage and nitrate leaching. In practice, this procedure would consist at a drip irrigation which can reduce evaporation, drainage and nitrate leaching, and increase the availability of water for the crop while reducing the exploitation of the water resource.
- Affiliations
Citations
Sall, M. (2010). Transfert de nitrate à travers la zone non saturée du sol vers la nappe phréatique de la zone des Niayes : caractérisation et modélisation. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/130949