(en) Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) belong to a group of kinases involved in both cell cycle control and transcription regulation. To be fully active, CDKs require phosphorylation by a Cdk-activating kinase (CAK). The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe possesses the two types of CAK : trimeric Mcs6-Mcs2-Pmh1 complex and monomeric Csk1 protein. Mcs6 and Csk1 can both phosphorylate and activate Cdc2, the main cell cycle regulator, in vitro. However, strong genetic data indicate that only Mcs6 activates Cdc2 in vivo. Analysis of an analog-sensitive mutant of Mcs6 show that the sole inactivation of Mcs6 is necessary and sufficient to abolish Cdc2 phosphorylation in vivo. Our data also indicate that Csk1, contrary to the related kinase Cak1, is unable to precipitate and phosphorylate Cdc2 from a fission yeast lysate. Here we establish that Mcs6 is the genuine CAK in vivo of Cdc2 in S. pombe.