Bridging Adsorption Strengths: A Tetrazole-Pyrazole Modified MCM-41 Sorbent for High Capacity and Selective Copper Removal
(2026) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research — Vol. 65, n° 22, p. 11086-11100 (2026)
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- Authors
Radi, Smaail 
- Abstract
- In this work, we have synthesized two hybrid materials by grafting 1’-((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-3,5,5′-trimethyl-1′H-1,3′-bipyrazole on technical-grade silica and mesoporous MCM-41. Comprehensive characterization was carried out by various methods namely scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis to determine successful functionalization and modification of the inorganic supports. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption was also assessed for textural studies. The hybrid materials were then thoroughly tested in adsorption studies for their hazardous metal ion separation efficiencies; specifically against Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). Both hybrid sorbents showed excellent performance, with silica-based and MCM-41-based, revealing adsorption capacities of 94.56 mg/g and 130.89 mg/g, respectively in Cu(II) extraction. In addition, kinetic studies also demonstrated quick uptake (over 80% in the first 15 min), excellent selectivity, and reusability for six cycles with less than 5% efficiency loss. Cumulatively, this work presents two highly promising hybrid sorbents that bring together all the key strengths required for practical water treatment including high capacity, selective and rapid removal rate, reusability over multiple cycles with marginal performances decrease, and most importantly, a dependable experience in real-world contaminated water of up to 49% of Cu(II) removal even at trace concentrations.
- Affiliations
Citations
Bahjou, Y., Radi, S., Draoui, Y., Allaoui, I., Wolff, M., Rotaru, A., & Garcia, Y. (2026). Bridging Adsorption Strengths: A Tetrazole-Pyrazole Modified MCM-41 Sorbent for High Capacity and Selective Copper Removal. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 65(22), 11086-11100. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00670 (Original work published 2026)