Vie paysanne et gouvernance rondera dans les Andes : ethnologie de la communauté de l'Ahijadero et de la gestion du vivre ensemble à Bambamarca, Pérou
(2011)
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- Authors
- Supervisors
- Servais, Olivier
- Abstract
- (en) The thesis investigates the formation and functioning of the community spaces (caserios) in the Hualgayoc-Bambamarca province (Cajamarca-Peru). The analysis is based on an ethnographic description of a caserio, on participating observation and on numerous formal and informal interviews. It is divided in four main parts. The first part is a historical and spatial perspective about the Hualgayoc-Bambamarca province. It shows the diachronic evolution of land and forms of authority and highlights the tensions in the contemporary land use (especially between agriculture and mining megaprojects). The second part is a comprehensive study of a caserio which highlights the contradictions and dynamics of contemporary Andean societies. It shows that the peasant economy depends on widely deterritorialized family dynamics, but coexists with community organizations. It emphasizes the dissociation, in this region, between economic and political aspects of rural life and the existence of two distinct relational spheres: the family sphere (in the broad sense) on one hand, and the community sphere, on the other. The third section considers the community sphere and how community life is regulated locally. After the land reform, the establishment of peasant night patrols marked a change: in the country, the coercive force is now in the hands of peasants. The "Patrols" (“Rondas campesinas”) evolve gradually into local structures allowing debate. However, they are not the only local authorities: they have to share their role of regulating community life with officially appointed authorities and with women's assemblies set up by social assistance programmes. “Rondas campesinas” administrates a pragmatic, responsive peasant justice. Separated from religious groups and magical practices, the “Rondas campesinas” imposes a form of neutrality to the local public. Finally, the fourth part of the thesis analyzes the relationship between community organizations (mostly the “Rondas campesinas”) and the State. It shows that, though there is a legal recognition of peasant’s authority in the administration of justice, law gives no decision-making power to local people (who are not recognized as indigenous) with respect to the exploitation of natural resources. Finally, the thesis highlights the separation of political logic between, on one hand, farmers and local practices, and on the other, the State electoral game, which tends to reproduce the colonial pattern and a vote-catching relationship with the State.
- Affiliations
UCLouvain SSH/IACS/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies
Citations
Piccoli, E. (2011). Vie paysanne et gouvernance rondera dans les Andes : ethnologie de la communauté de l’Ahijadero et de la gestion du vivre ensemble à Bambamarca, Pérou. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/92317