I argue that both careful conceptual analysis and recent results from mathematical biology cast doubt on the utility of predictive fitness. We have privileged a role for fitness that it in fact is unable to play. Whatever else fitness may be, it is not (or at least is not very) predictive.
Pence, C. (2017). Fitness and Prediction in Evolutionary Theory. London School of Economics Seminar, London, England. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/91983