Newly-moulted adults of three Rhipicephalus appendiculatus stocks, originating from Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe, were kept in different photoperiods (12h : 12h, 13h : 11h and 14h : 10h light : dark). The stock originating from Kenya showed almost no behavioural diapause in any of these day lengths, whereas virtually all individuals of the Zimbabwean stock entered a behavioural diapause irrespective of day length. Adults from the Eastern Province of Zambia, a transition zone between the multivoltine phenology in equatorial Africa and the univoltine in southern Africa, exhibited a photoperiod-dependent diapause response. The possible mechanisms of diapause regulation and their origin are discussed .
Madder, M., Speybroeck, N., Brandt, J., & Berkvens, D. (1999). Diapause induction in adults of three Rhipicephalus appendiculatus stocks. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 23(12), 961-968. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006363316638 (Original work published 1999)