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The emerging field of spin caloritronics combines heat-driven transport with spintronics [1] and allows promising applications, such as magnetic heat valves or magnetically switchable cooling. However, dimensions in magnetic nanostructures lead to major experimental issues such as insufficient power generation capability and lack of reliable methods to obtain key spin caloritronic parameters [2-3]. In contrast, more efficient macroscopic spin caloritronics devices built from 3D interconnected multi-layered nanowire (NW) networks, as shown in Fig. 1(a-b), allow magnetically-controlled Peltier cooling of macroscopic components and the directly extraction of accurate key spin caloritronics parameters [4-6]. They are fabricated by pulsed electrodeposition into 3D nano-porous polymer host membranes with no sample size limitation. The branched structure provides a reasonable mechanical robustness to the networks, while the membrane provides a certain flexibility. The local removing of the cathode from which the NWs are grown yields a two-probe design suitable for transport measurements. As presented in Fig. 1, we developed experimental set-ups for magneto-Seebeck (c) and magneto-Peltier (d) measurements. We studied FM/Cu (FM = Co, CoNi, Py) multilayered NW networks showing giant magneto-transport (electrical, thermal and thermoelectric) properties, with room-temperature (RT) CPP-GMR up to 40%, and power factors comparable to that of bismuth telluride and that are magnetically modulated with magneto-power factor ratios up to 140% at RT [4-6]. Our interconnected NW networks allow for the direct extraction of large spin-dependent Seebeck and Peltier coefficients from measured parameters and the direct observation of Peltier cooling at the electrode-NW network junction with large Peltier cooling ability. Those observations hold promise for magnetically modulated energy conversion using light and flexible thermoelectric generators and could lead to advances in future spin-caloritronic devices.
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da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes, T., Marchal, N., Abreu Araujo, F., & Piraux, L. (2020). Spin-dependent Thermoelectric Phenomena in 3D Interconnected Multilayered Nanowire Networks. 2020 Joint European Magnetic Symposia, Lisbon, Portugal. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/28283