Assessing teachers’ relationship with oral communication: refinement and validation of the ERO scale
(2026) Language and Education — Vol. XX, n° XX, p. 1-24 (2026)
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- Authors
Deschepper, Catherine 
- Abstract
- This article reports on the refinement and validation of the ERO scale designed to assess teachers' relationship with oral communication. Study 1 (N = 569) used exploratory factor analysis to identify eight dimensions-affective, conceptual, axiological, praxeological, metadis-cursive, interactional, identity-related, and relational-and to make the final selection of 25 items. Study 2 (N = 527) used confirmatory factor analysis to validate this structure, showing good fit and satisfactory reliability. Validity evidence based on relations with other variables was supported through correlations with self-perceived communication competence. Beyond its psychometric validity, the ERO offers a struc-tured framework for teacher education. By making these eight dimensions visible, it supports teachers' reflection on their relationship with oral communication and provides educators with a diagnostic tool for more targeted professional development.
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Citations
Colognesi, S., Coppe, T., Deschepper, C., Dumais, C., Dupont, P., Gagnon, R., & Sénéchal, K. (2026). Assessing teachers’ relationship with oral communication: refinement and validation of the ERO scale. Language and Education, XX(XX), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2026.2748335 (Original work published 2026)