Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Vietnamese version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Le, Thanh-Van;Penta, Massimo;Tran, Thi Bich Hanh;Tran, Long Bien;Schepens, Bénédicte;et.al.
(2025) Asia-Pacific journal of sports medicine, arthroscopy, rehabilitation and technology — Vol. 40, p. 23-28 (2025)

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(en) BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is common in Vietnam, affecting about 34 % of individuals over 40 years of age. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is an internationally recognized patient-reported outcome used to assess the impact of KOA but it is not yet available in Vietnamese. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate the KOOS into Vietnamese and assess the psychometric properties of the translation (KOOS-V). METHODS: The translation process involved forward/back translation, expert review and cognitive interviews for pretesting. Content validity was assessed by seven experts using the Content validity Index (CVI). A sample of 133 Vietnamese KOA patients (mean age: 63.7 years, 83 % female) completed the KOOS-V, Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and 67 of them were re-assessed after 5-8 days. Psychometric analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and cross-cultural comparison of KOOS-V subscales. RESULTS: KOOS-V exhibited excellent content validity (CVI = 0.86-1.00), satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.70-0.98) and good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.77-0.90). Construct validity was confirmed by moderate to strong correlations with SF-36 Physical Functioning (Spearman's ρ = 0.66 to 0.82) and moderate correlations with NPRS (ρ = -0.49 to -0.62). The cross-cultural comparison showed that the KOOS subscales in Vietnam presents the same challenge as in other cultures. CONCLUSIONS: The KOOS-V is a reliable, valid tool for assessing the functional impact of KOA in Vietnamese patients, contributing to its broader use worldwide in clinical and research settings.
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Le, T.-V., Penta, M., Tran, T. B. H., Tran, L. B., Nguyen, M. S., & Schepens, B. (2025). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Vietnamese version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Asia-Pacific journal of sports medicine, arthroscopy, rehabilitation and technology, 40, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2025.04.002 (Original work published 2025)