Acid altered terrains: Formation, hazards and related uses
(2010) The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes — ISBN: [9780443291807], Inconnu à ce stade, accepted/in-press
Files
Shinohara_EoV26_preprint.pdf
Open Access - Adobe PDF
- 1.17 MB
Details
- Authors
- Abstract
- Hydrothermal activity and related alteration is common in volcanic environments. Acidic condensates (pH~1–2) of volcanic gases react with rocks and create alteration minerals along chemical and thermal gradients in the hydrothermal system on flanks of many active volcanoes. Such alteration ranges from acid leaching outward to clay formation at less acidic conditions, as the rock neutralizes the acids. Geological studies of outcrops and geophysical imaging reveal the distribution of alteration minerals below the surface. Alteration affects the mechanical properties of volcanic rocks, which may contribute to slope failures and influence fluid flow pathways and the location of hydrothermal eruptions. Drainage of the acid solutions, commonly with abundant toxic components, may lead to environmental contaminations. After formation of alteration by the acidic condensates, ascent of subsequent liquid may precipitate Au and Ag plus Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn, forming epithermal metal deposits within ~1 km of the surface, the major ore type hosted by the products of acidic alteration.
- Affiliations
Citations
Shinohara, H., Delmelle, P., Carol Finn, Michael J. Heap, Hedenquist, J., Rouwet, D., Scheu, B., & Vincent Van Hinsberg. (2010). Acid altered terrains: Formation, hazards and related uses. In C. Bonadonna, L. Caricchi, A., Clarke, P. Cole, J. Lindsay, J. Lowenstern, R. Robertson and M.L. Villegas (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (3rd edition, p. Inconnu à ce stade). Academic Press. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/278304