Protéger les emplois, préserver l’efficacité : tour d’horizon de dispositifs européens d’activité partielle = Protecting Jobs, Preserving Efficiency: Insights from European Short‑Time Work Schemes

Bermudez Barrezueta, Natalia Alexandra;Dejemeppe, Muriel;Tarullo, Giulia
(2026) Economie et statistique — n° 549, p. 51-73 (2026)

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Abstract
(en) Short‑time work (STW) programmes have been central to European labour‑market policy during the Great Recession and COVID‑19. This survey integrates theory, cross‑country institutional design, and microeconometric evidence to assess whether and how STW succeeds in stabilising employment, preserving firm‑specific human capital, and mitigating employees’ loss of earnings. Comparative analysis of Belgium, France, Germany, and Italy shows that targeting temporary shocks, combining monitoring with financial incentives for beneficiary firms, and limiting programme duration are crucial to maximise benefits. By contrast, untargeted or prolonged STW not only generates deadweight losses but also delays necessary labour reallocation. Well‑designed programmes support firms and workers efficiently while preserving labour‑market adjustment.
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Bermudez Barrezueta, N. A., Dejemeppe, M., & Tarullo, G. (2026). Protéger les emplois, préserver l’efficacité : tour d’horizon de dispositifs européens d’activité partielle = Protecting Jobs, Preserving Efficiency: Insights from European Short‑Time Work Schemes. Economie et statistique, 549, 51-73. https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2025.549.2144 (Original work published 2026)