Chapter 16 - Synthesis and catalytic performance of mesoporous metal phosphonates
(2026) Phosphonate Chemistry, Technology and Applications — ISBN: [9780443444470], 271-290, published
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- Over the past few decades, phosphonic acids have been incorporated in metal oxide frameworks or used as covalently grafted surface modifiers on metal oxide supports. The former process has been represented by the field of periodic (mesoporous) metal phosphonates, in which mono-, di- and multi-phosphonic acids and esters with various organic functional groups have been incorporated into a porous metal oxide framework, thereby guiding network formation. In these materials, phosphonate ligands are introduced in the first step of the synthesis, allowing co-condensation reactions with the metal oxide precursors to fully integrate the organophosphonate ligands throughout the entire structure and not just at the surface. They possess a combination of redox centers (metal oxide nodes) and Lewis and/or Brønsted acidity (e.g., from the metal oxides nodes and/or P–OH groups) distinguishing these materials from organosilicates (PMO's and co-condensation products). Moreover, the mesoporosity and lack of crystallinity sets them apart from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Although numerous metal phosphonates have been reported in the literature, including MOFs, layered, amorphous or periodic, microporous and mesoporous metal phosphonates, this chapter is focused on mesoporous materials (pore diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm) published between 2000–2023. It starts with a discussion on the various synthetic approaches and the resulting porous characteristics of the reported mesoporous metal phosphonates, followed by a section demonstrating their catalytic properties, performance and potential.
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Fanourgiakis, A., Chandran, C., Tomer, R., Hermans, S., & Meynen, V. (2026). Chapter 16 - Synthesis and catalytic performance of mesoporous metal phosphonates. In Konstantinos D. Demadis (ed.), Phosphonate Chemistry, Technology and Applications (pp. 271-290). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-44447-0.00001-4