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Abstract
Core-collapse supernovae mark the end of life of massive stars. However, despite theirimportance in astrophysics, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Neutrinos that emerge fromthe dense core of the star offer a promising way to study supernova dynamics. A strategy ispresented to improve the potential of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope to detect core-collapsesupernovae in our Galaxy or the Large Magellanic Cloud by further exploiting the properties of itsoptical modules equipped with multiple photomultipliers. A supernova burst is expected to producea sudden hit rate increase in the KM3NeT detectors, which could be used to detect a supernova evenin the absence of triggers from other experiments. New observables have been defined forindividual optical modules that exploit the geometry and time distribution of the detected hits,enabling a better discrimination between signal and background signatures. In addition, a thoroughinvestigation of the related systematic uncertainties is presented for the first time. Whenimplemented, this new methodology allowed KM3NeT to probe 46% more Galactic core-collapsesupernova candidates than with the previous trigger strategy, reaching the dense Galacticbulge. It is now expected that, once completed, KM3NeT will achieve full Galactic sensitivity tocore-collapse supernovae independently from other experiments.
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Clark, R., de Wasseige, G., Genton, E., Lamoureux, M., Lazar, J., Lemaitre, V., Mauro, J., Scarnera, M., Myhr, P., KM3NeT, & et al. (2026). Optimizing the potential of KM3NeT in detecting core-collapse supernovae. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 04. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2026/04/038 (Original work published 2026)