Opportunities and limitations of robotically-shaped subtractive fabrication structural timber connections for multi-level log frame buildings

The novel building typology of whole-timber structural elements in combination with robotmilled, subtractive fabrication, carpentry-style, steel-free and low-steel connections are proposed to increase sustainability outcomes compared to contemporary construction methods. A qualitative review discusses the limitations of the joints, including sustainability compromises, geometric constraints, material constraints, impacts of building layout, robotic fabrication constraints, assembly and sequencing, and limitations of building standards. A quantitative study is completed to understand physical constraints. The analysis assesses limitations in log diameters, optimises elements and compressive load transfer at beam supports, maximises building column grid spacing, and observes material volume requirements. This analysis uses a MATLAB program to automate design of building elements and connections as per the Eurocode in a total of 1632 scenarios. The program interchanges building variables such as gravity load path and scenario, number of levels, spacing of columns, and connection types to understand building limitations. The outcomes provide the foundation for further connection development and experimental campaigns, including tensile and moment rotation tests, which is a remaining knowledge gap in understanding wood-wood joint limitations.

Affiliations

UCLouvainSST/IMMC/GCE - Civil and environmental engineering

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Van Nimwegen, S., Goosse, J., & Latteur, P. (2025). Opportunities and limitations of robotically-shaped subtractive fabrication structural timber connections for multi-level log frame buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 112, 113917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113917 (Original work published 2025)