Comparative digital design strategies for structural systems of mid-rise building in the view of building as materials stock from expert environmental impact assessment.

Jafari, Maryam;Zastavni, Denis
(2022) Research Colloquium on Structural Design 2022 — Location: Burgdorf, Switzerland (21.April.2022)

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The way to design and manufacture buildings has from now on a vital influence on our environment and therefore on the future fate of mankind. It impacts the environment in all life cycle stages: resource extraction, producing materials, construction, buildings use, and demolition. The building represents 40% of extracted resources (Herczeg, et al. 2014), 11% of energy CO2 emissions, 6% of energy consumption. Furthermore, global building stock will double by 2060(UN Environment and International Energy Agency 2017) and by 2050, 66% of the global population will live in urban areas (Nations 2019). The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used for building since the 80s; the most known being the Global Warming Potential, or carbon footprint (Bruce-Hyrkäs, Pasanen, & Castro, 2018). Several studies have explored the relationship between structural systems and the embodied environmental flows of tall buildings. Digital fabrication is currently bridging design and production with CNC fabrication (Putro & Wirasmoyo, 2019). This research will develop parametric integrated approaches to define and assess structural systems in mid-rise buildings [50-200 m], of twelve structural systems according to chosen materials. Structural systems can be shear wall, braced frame, rigid frame, outrigger and belt, framed tube, braced tube, framed tube, tube in tube, diagrid, space truss, exoskeleton and mushroom-slabs systems. The materials considered are timber [massive, GL, CLT], concrete [cast-in-situ, prefab, printed, formwork printed, HRFRC], steel and combined materials of various grades / strength classes. From the results and the numerical models already generated in the research, it will then question and simulate the level of adaptability of these systems to digital fabrication and the possible improvements of the environmental balance. This research implements various contributions for global environmental assessment to design mid-rise structures: LCA method, parametric modelling, interactive assessment, interfacing preprocessing data of CNC systems. The combined Sustainable Structural Design (SSD) will be adapted. The proposed methods for the implementation is consist of literature reviewing and collecting data about pre-defined scenarios, testing software and computer interfaces as the first stage. Second stage is selecting modelling strategies and structural and life-cycle assessment approaches. Selecting and extracting useful data from the associated environmental database. Third stage is assembling parametric models and implementing simulations based on relevant scenarios. Forth stage includes utilizing parametric and interactive combined simulations, and testing of selected parametric models for CNC, digital fabrication and optional testing.
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Jafari, M., & Zastavni, D. (2022). Comparative digital design strategies for structural systems of mid-rise building in the view of building as materials stock from expert environmental impact assessment. Research Colloquium on Structural Design 2022, Burgdorf, Switzerland. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/269126