The Role of Network Connectivity in Distributed k-Agreement Protocols

Bianchin, Gianluca;Vaquero, Miguel;Cortés, Jorge;Dall’Anese, Emiliano
(2026) Automatica — Vol. 185, n° 112753 (2026)

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Authors
  • Bianchin, Gianlucaorcid-logoUCLouvain
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  • Vaquero, MiguelSchool of Science and Technology, IE University
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  • Cortés, JorgeDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego
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  • Dall’Anese, EmilianoDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University
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Abstract
Given a network of agents, we say that the agents achieve a k-agreement when their state variables converge to a point that corresponds to the projection of the agents’ states onto a k-dimensional linear subspace. The k-agreement problem generalizes the classical consensus problem; unlike in consensus, where the agents’ states must asymptotically coincide, in k-agreement the agents reach an agreement in a generalized sense (within a linear subspace, where the states do not necessarily coincide). In this paper, we investigate which interaction topologies enable a network of agents to reach an agreement on a prescribed k-dimensional subspace through local coordination algorithms. We show that achieving k-agreement requires communication over highly connected graphs; specifically, the number of edges in the interaction graph must grow linearly with the dimension k of the agreement subspace. Our characterization reveals that the presence of cycles in the communication graph (particularly, independent families of cycles) constitutes the fundamental structural feature enabling the agents to achieve k-agreement. We also investigate the use of common graph topologies, such as path and circulant graphs, for k-agreement, deriving insights into the relationship between the subspace dimension k and the required network connectivity. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through simulations in robotic formation control problems.
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Bianchin, G., Vaquero, M., Cortés, J., & Dall’Anese, E. (2026). The Role of Network Connectivity in Distributed k-Agreement Protocols. Automatica, 185(112753). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112753 (Original work published 2026)