L'adhésion de l'Union européenne à la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme: une réponse logique à l'optionalité de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme en droit de l'Union européenne

Callewaert, Johan
(2025) Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme — Vol. 36, n° 141, p. 9-29 (2025)

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(en) The benchmark function formally conferred on the European Convention on Human Rights by the Union legislature is rendered optional in the practice of Union law. As a result, the minimum level of protection which the Convention ensures in the Member States and which the EU legislature sought to extend to Union law is more often than not ignored, in favour of a more frequent use of the Convention as a mere "toolbox", i.e. as a source of inspiration or non-binding interpretation. This optionality of the Convention leads to significant reductions in protection, introduces double standards into procedures involving hybrid structures and causes conflicts of loyalty for national judges who are both Union and Convention judges. The resulting dysfunctions are a source of fragmentation and weaken European fundamental rights. They make it imperative for the EU to accede to the Convention.
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Callewaert, J. (2025). L’adhésion de l’Union européenne à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme: une réponse logique à l’optionalité de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme en droit de l’Union européenne. Revue trimestrielle des droits de l’homme, 36(141), 9-29. (Original work published 2025)