Non-traditional actors before the EU Courts
(2025) Brussels Forum on EU External Relations — Location: Brussels (28.November.2025)
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- et. al.
- Abstract
- This presentation focused on the participation of 'non-traditional' in EU Court proceedings. It began by examining the conceptual (taxonomic) and structural limitations of the topic. It then provided an overview of the EU Court's case law on third states (including third states in transition - such as candidate and potential candidate countries - and other third states with privileges (UK, CH but also San Marino and Monaco); and ‘recognised interlocutors’ - such as Venezuela Cambodia and, indirectly, Kosovo. It then examined the EU Court’s case law on proxies of third states (notably China Chamber of Commerce and Others v Commission (C-478/21 P) and RT France v Council (T-125/22)) before turning its attention to non-state actors (notably the PKK and Front Polisario cases). The presentation concludes with a discussion of the EU Court’s possible approach to disputed political leaderships and with a broader reflexion on the criteria applied by the EU Courts to accord or refuse standing to different entities, the justifications advanced by the EU Courts in this respect, the patterns found between the different cases, and the implications of the EU Court's approach for the recognition or lack thereof of disputed territories or political movements.
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Citations
Cabrita, T., & et al. (2025). Non-traditional actors before the EU Courts. Brussels Forum on EU External Relations, Brussels.