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Macroevolutionary diversification of glands for chemical communication in squamate reptiles

García-Roa, Roberto;Jara, Manuel;Baeckens, Simon;López, Pilar;Pincheira-Donoso,;et.al.
(2017) Scientific Reports — Vol. 7, n° 1, p. 1-10 (2017)

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Authors
  • García-Roa, Robertoorcid-logoDepartment of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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  • Jara, ManuelLaboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
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  • Baeckens, Simonorcid-logoUCLouvain
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  • López, PilarDepartment of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish Research Council (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
    Author
  • Pincheira-Donoso,Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Brayford Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Chemical communication plays a central role in social, sexual and ecological interactions among animals. However, the macroevolutionary diversification of traits responsible for chemical signaling remains fundamentally unknown. Most research investigating evolutionary diversification of glands responsible for the production of chemical signals has focused on arthropods, while its study among vertebrates remains neglected. Using a global-scale dataset covering > 80% (7,904 species) of the living diversity of lizards and snakes (squamates), we investigate rates, trajectories and phylogenetic patterns of diversification of their follicular glands for chemical communication. We observed these glands in 13.66% of species, that their expression has varying phylogenetic signal among lineages, and that the crown squamate ancestor lacked follicular glands, which therefore originated and diversified subsequently during their evolutionary history. Additionally, our findings challenge the longstanding view that within squamates the Iguania are visually oriented while Scleroglossa are chemically-oriented, given that Iguania doubles Scleroglossa in the frequency of glands. Our phylogenetic analyses identified stabilizing selection as the best model describing follicular gland diversification, and revealed high rates of disparity. We provide the first global-scale analysis investigating the diversification of one of the main forms of communication among reptiles, presenting a macroevolutionary angle to questions traditionally explored at microevolutionary scale.
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García-Roa, R., Jara, M., Baeckens, S., López, P., Van Damme, R., Martín, J., & Pincheira-Donoso. (2017). Macroevolutionary diversification of glands for chemical communication in squamate reptiles. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09083-7 (Original work published 2017)