Raising awareness on the phenomenon of chemsex: a qualitative study exploring chemsex users' voices and needs in Belgium

Kathrada, Naajiyah;Moureaux, Isabelle;Minguet, Cassian
(2025) WONCA World Conference 2025 : New vision for primary health care and sustainable development — Location: (Portugal) Lisbon (17.September.2025)

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BACKGROUND Chemsex refers to the use of psychoactive substances in a sexual context, mainly described in literature amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). While the practice is associated with significant physical and psychological risks, prevention strategies may not align with the actual needs of those concerned. The study aims to explore how chemsex users perceive current health prevention efforts and what they expect from general practitioners (GPs). METHODS Individuals (MSM) engaging in chemsex were interviewed using a semi-structured format. Participants were recruited through patients’ databases, LGBTQIA+ and harm reduction networks in Belgium. Data were analysed using an inductive, interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) to better understand patients' experiences and expectations towards healthcare professionals. RESULTS Participants described chemsex as both a space of freedom and of suffering ; offering relief from daily pressure and enhancing social and sexual experiences. It is also associated with creating a strong sense of connection amongst users. Simultaneously, participants reported feelings of isolation, loss of control, psychological distress and considerable health problems. Barriers to care included fear of judgment, heteronormative assumptions and limited provider knowledge. Participants called for a non-judgmental dialogue, community-informed harm reduction and better sexual health literacy among GPs. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the need to rethink prevention strategies in primary care for chemsex users. Integrating emotional, relational and community-based approaches may improve health access and promote trust. Raising awareness amongst GPs, who play a key role in the lives of chemsex users, is essential for building a more inclusive prevention model.
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Kathrada, N., Moureaux, I., & Minguet, C. (2025). Raising awareness on the phenomenon of chemsex: a qualitative study exploring chemsex users’ voices and needs in Belgium. WONCA World Conference 2025 : New vision for primary health care and sustainable development, (Portugal) Lisbon.