Measurement of the mean number of muons with energies above 500 GeV in air showers detected with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
(2025) Physical review D — Vol. 112 (2025)
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- Abstract
- We present a measurement of the mean number of muons with energies larger than 500 GeV in near-vertical extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with primary energies between 2.5 and 100 PeV. The measurement is based on events detected in coincidence between the surface and in-ice detectors of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Air showers are marc:recorded on the surface by IceTop, while a bundle of high-energy muons (TeV muons) from the shower can subsequently produce a tracklike event in the IceCube in-ice array. Results are obtained assuming the hadronic interaction models Sibyll 2.1, QGSJet-II.04, and EPOS-LHC. The measured number of TeV muons is found to be in agreement with predictions from air-shower simulations. The results have also been compared to a measurement of low-energy muons by IceTop, indicating an inconsistency between the predictions for low- and high-energy muons in simulations based on the EPOS-LHC model.
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de Wasseige, G., Genton, E., Kruiswijk, K., Lamoureux, M., Lazar, J., Raab, C., Myhr, P., Vereecken, M., IceCube, & et al. (2025). Measurement of the mean number of muons with energies above 500 GeV in air showers detected with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Physical review D, 112. https://doi.org/10.1103/lrjy-3hht (Original work published 2025)