We propose and parameterize an empirical model of the outdoor-to-indoor and indoor-to-indoor distributed (cooperative) radio channel, using experimental data in the 2.4-GHz band. In addition to the well-known physical effects of path loss, shadowing, and fading, we include several new aspects in our model that are specific to multiuser distributed channels: 1) correlated shadowing between different point-to-point links, which has a strong impact on cooperative system performance; 2) different types of indoor node mobility with respect to the transmitter and/or receiver nodes, implying a distinction between static and dynamic shadowing motivated by the measurement data; and 3) a small-scale fading distribution that captures more severe fading than that given by the Rayleigh distribution.
Oestges, C., Czink, N., Bandemer, B., Castiglione, P., Kaltenberger, F., & Paulraj, A. J. (2010). Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Outdoor-to-Indoor and Indoor-to-Indoor Distributed Channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 59(5), 2253-2265. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2010.2042475 (Original work published 2010)