Millimeter-wave to near-terahertz sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in VO2
(2023) Communications Materials — n° 34 (2023)
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- Abstract
- In the quest for low power bio-inspired spiking sensors, functional oxides like vanadium dioxide are expected to enable future energy efficient sensing. Here, we report uncooled millimeter-wave spiking detectors based on the sensitivity of insulator-to-metal transition threshold voltage to the incident wave. The detection concept is demonstrated through actuation of biased VO2 switches encapsulated in a pair of coupled antennas by interrupting coplanar waveguides for broadband measurements, on silicon substrates. Ultimately, we propose an electromagnetic-wave-sensitive voltage-controlled spike generator based on VO2 switches in an astable spiking circuit. The fabricated sensors show responsivities of around 66.3 MHz.W−1 at 1 μW, with a low noise equivalent power of 5 nW.Hz−0.5 at room temperature, for a footprint of 2.5 × 10−5 mm2. The responsivity in static characterizations is 76 kV.W−1. Based on experimental statistical data measured on robust fabricated devices, we discuss stochastic behavior and noise limits of VO2 -based spiking sensors applicable for wave power sensing in mm-wave and sub-terahertz range.
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Qaderi, F., Rosca, T., Burla, M., Leuthold, J., Flandre, D., & Ionescu, A. M. (2023). Millimeter-wave to near-terahertz sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in VO2. Communications Materials, 34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-023-00350-x (Original work published 2023)