Écologie chimique et perspective de gestion intégrée dans le pathosystème Bananier (Musa Spp) - Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera : Aphididae) - Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)
(2023)
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- Insect-transmitted plant pathogens depend on the abundance and behaviour of their vectors to promote their spread Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the vector of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genus Babuvirus). However, the host-parasite-vector relationship is still far from being elucidated. This thesis aims to clarify the mechanisms of recognition of banana plants (plantain and dessert) by P. nigronervosa for biological control of BBTV, by determining the indirect effect of BBTV on the vector (via modification of the banana phenotype), and the direct effect of BBTV on the behaviour and physiology of the vector, while clarifying the role of endosymbionts associated with P. nigronervosa on virus transmission. Behavioural studies and chromatographic analysis (GC-MS) revealed a higher attractiveness of P. nigronervosa to infected banana plants, caused by an increased emission of volatile organic compounds (Idem for plantain compared to dessert banana plant). Secondly, analysis of the life history traits of P. nigronervosa revealed improved fecundity on both infected genotypes, although population growth and alate production were enhanced by the virus infection only in aphids reared on plantain banana plants. Interestingly, the preference of P. nigronervosa for infected banana plants was reversed by the acquisition of BBTV. Morphometric analyses revealed a decrease in the length of the decrease in the length of the hind tibia and the forewing area of the aphids (but not in the number of secondary rhinaria on the antennae), induced by the viral infection of the banana plant. Finally, PCR tests, as well as FISH techniques, attest that Wolbachia is a facultative endosymbiont in P. nigronervosa and has no nutritional role, as it is the case for Buchnera aphidicola. This thesis opens interesting perspectives for the biological control of P. nigronervosa, for example by attracting the banana aphid through the manipulation of olfactory signals.
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Murhububa Safari, I. (2023). Écologie chimique et perspective de gestion intégrée dans le pathosystème Bananier (Musa Spp) - Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera : Aphididae) - Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/242703