(en) Gamification, is based on the following idea: there is the game, and there is the non-game; and it is time that the non-game takes into consideration what works in the game (McGonigal 2011). For Jacques Henriot, qualifying an object as a game is arbitrary, since “the thing that I call game right now in the world where I live, was different yesterday, may be different tomorrow. It is probably different elsewhere” (Henriot 1989). This article contrasts the formal thought surrounding gamification with the playing philosophical thought of Henriot, and questions then the very foundations of gamification.
Philippette, T. (2014). Gamification: Rethinking ‘playing the game’ with Jacques Henriot. In Mathias Fuchs, Sonia Fizek, Paolo Ruffino, Niklas Schrape (Eds.) (ed.), Rethinking Gamification. Meson Press. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/234395