Eco-epidemiology of ticks, and acaricide resistance in cattle in tropical areas of Ecuador
(2024)
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- Abstract
- This thesis comprehensively evaluates cattle ticks and acaricide resistance within Ecuador's cattle farms, looking for a One Health approach that integrates field surveys, laboratory analyses, and statistical modelling. A comprehensive literature review established the current understanding of Rhipicephalus microplus as a pest in Ecuador. Spatial distribution models for both R. microplus and Amblyomma cajennense s.l. were developed using bioclimatic variables, allowing for targeted control strategies. Field studies assessed tick infestation levels and their association with animal factors, revealing specific anatomical areas harbouring higher tick burdens. Acaricide resistance against commonly used acaricides (amitraz, ivermectin, and alpha-cypermethrin) was widespread, with larger herds, dairy farms, and certain environmental factors increasing resistance risk. Monitoring revealed relatively stable resistance levels over a two-year period. These findings highlight the critical role of research and work in better tick control mitigating the challenge of acaricide resistance. This approach safeguards animal health, protects cattle production, and minimizes environmental impacts. The environmental consequences of widespread acaricide use, such as contamination of water sources and toxicity to non-target organisms, highlight the need for integrated tick management approaches. Cattle ticks exemplify the interconnectedness of animal, human, and environmental health. Their role as vectors of zoonotic pathogens underscores the importance of collaborative efforts between veterinary, medical, and environmental disciplines to address tick-borne diseases and mitigate their public health implications.
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Citations
Pérez Otáñez, X. (2024). Eco-epidemiology of ticks, and acaricide resistance in cattle in tropical areas of Ecuador. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/234135