Microbial diversity is a major determinant of the performance ofmultiple natural or industrial processes, such as nutrient cycling, microbiome-driven immunomodulation1 or fermentation technologies to produce bread, wine or cheese.2 In natural ecosystems, microbial communities play a key role in supporting the global ecosystem services or agricultural sustainability and are the drivers of ecosystem functioning and homeostasis. Microbial communities with different functional traits, sometimes unique, can now be characterized and controlled thanks to the advances of molecular microbiology and systems engineering. Therefore, microbiome-based technologies have become the cornerstones of the cradle-to-cradle concept, bioeconomy and biorefinery, and environmental protection and restoration policies. Microbial communities have a fundamental role not only in environmental and industrial biotechnology but also in plant and medical biotechnology.
Augelletti, F., Stenuit, B., Agathos, S. N., & Jousset, A. (2019). Manipulation of Biodiversity to Steer and Optimize Microbial Community Function. In Murray Moo-Young (ed.) (ed.), Comprehensive biotechnology. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64046-8.00478-X