In the current context of growing religious diversity and changing labour relations in Europe, religious diversity at work raises three main legal questions: first, are workers entiteld to observe their religion at work in the first place? Second, can they claim to have their work conditions adapted in case of conflict with their religious beliefs? Third, and conversely, can an employeur prohibit religious expression in the workplace or refuse to accommodate religious needs and if so, for what motive? To be sure, employeurs may always decide on their own initiative to allow their workers to express their beliefs or adjust their work conditions to their religious practice. However, if this is not recognised as a right, where an employer refuses to do so, the worker has not means of redress. The central concern from a legal viewpoint is thus whether respecting and/or accommodating religion at work is - or should be - left to the discretion of employers or whether it is - or should be - a matter of legal obligation and if so, what are its scope and limits. This chapter seeks to explore where European law stands and what direction it could take in this regard.
Ringelheim, J. (2012). Religious Diversity and Labour Relations: What Role for the Law? In Katayoun Alidadi, Marie-Claire Foblets and Jogchum Vrielink (ed.), A Test of Faith? Religious Diversity and Accommodation in the Workplace (p. p. 335-357). Ashgate. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/216292