This paper provides a bird-eye overview of the history of spatial economic theory. It is organized around three main ideas (and authors): (i) land use and urban economics (Thünen), (ii) the nature of competition across space (Hotelling), and (iii) new economic geography and the emergence of economic agglomerations (Krugman).
Thisse, J.-F. (2011). Geographical economics: a historical perspective. Recherches économiques de Louvain, 77(2-3), 141-168. https://doi.org/10.3917/rel.772.0141 (Original work published 2011)