A monopolist can use a ‘tracking’ technology to identify a consumer’s willingness to pay with some probability. Consumers can counteract tracking by acquiring a ‘hiding’ technology. We show that consumers may be collectively better off absent this hiding technology.
Belleflamme, P., & Vergote, W. (2016). Monopoly price discrimination and privacy: The hidden cost of hiding. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.027