Investigations of the fundamental properties of graphene have leveraged the versatility of the CMOS fabrication platform early on by using oxidized semiconductor substrates with a highly doped back gate to behave as a metal gate down to cryogenic temperatures. For future applications at room temperature and co-integration with standard silicon circuits, standard substrates should be considered and modeled. Therefore, we investigate the impact of using standard lightly doped silicon as a back gate by building upon existing drift-diffusion models for the 3-terminal monolayer graphene field effect transistor. Typical measurements of the back-gate transfer characteristics exhibit a kink/plateau around 0 V. This effect is explained by the proposed model and corresponds to a loss of gate control occurring during the formation of the depletion layer in the substrate. The impact is increased at low temperature, for thin oxides or under transient conditions.
Haddad, P.-A., Flandre, D., & Raskin, J.-P. (2017). A Quasi-Static Model of Silicon Substrate Effects in Graphene Field Effect Transistors. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 38(7), 987-990. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2017.2706362 (Original work published 2017)