The enhanced performance of bone allografts using osteogenic-differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Schubert, Thomas;Xhema, Daela;Veriter, Sophie;Schubert, Michaël;Dufrane, Denis;et.al.
(2011) Biomaterials — Vol. 32, n° 34, p. 8880-8891 (2011)

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Abstract
Adipose tissue was only recently considered as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue engineering. To improve the osteogenicity of acellular bone allografts, adipose MSCs (AMSCs) and bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) at nondifferentiated and osteogenic-differentiated stages were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrated a superiority of AMSCs for proliferation (6.1±2.3 days vs. 9.0±1.9 days between each passage for BM-MSCs, respectively, P<0.001). A significantly higher T-cell depletion (revealed by mixed lymphocyte reaction, [MLR]) was found for AMSCs (vs. BM-MSCs) at both non- and differentiated stages. Although nondifferentiated AMSCs secreted a higher amount of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] in vitro (between 24 and 72 h of incubation at 0.1-21% O(2)) than BM-MSCs (P<0.001), the osteogenic differentiation induced a significantly higher VEGF release by BM-MSCs at each condition (P<0.001). After implantation in the paraspinal muscles of nude rats, a significantly higher angiogenesis (histomorphometry for vessel development (P<0.005) and VEGF expression (P<0.001)) and osteogenesis (as revealed by osteocalcin expression (P<0.001) and micro-CT imagery for newly formed bone tissue (P<0.05)) were found for osteogenic-differentiated AMSCs in comparison to BM-MSCs after 30 days of implantation. Osteogenic-differentiated AMSCs are the best candidate to improve the angio-/osteogenicity of decellularized bone allografts.
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Schubert, T., Xhema, D., Veriter, S., Schubert, M., Behets Wydemans, C., Delloye, C., Gianello, P., & Dufrane, D. (2011). The enhanced performance of bone allografts using osteogenic-differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials, 32(34), 8880-8891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.009 (Original work published 2011)