To begin with, this article looks at the structure of surprise by exploring different chararcters within some biblical stories (Jacob in Gen 29; David's servants in 2 Sam 12; Eglon's courtiers in Judg 3). From this exploration this article moves briefly at two partly different theories about surprise (M. Sternberg, R. Baroni), and illustrates how this narrative technique is used by biblical narrators to surprise the reader (Esau's attitude towards Jacob in Gen 33, Yael's murder in Judg 4,21, Jonathan's liberation by the people in 1 Sam 14, the amazing drama of Judg 19, Hanna's reaction in 1 Sam 1,9, Haman's exaltation in Esth 3, etc.). In the second part of the article, the careful analysis of surprise in 1 Sam 9,1-18 is analyzed. In particular, it is demonstrated how the narrator conceals important information (the implication of God in the choice of Saul) before surprising the reader in the end. Through the revelation of this decisive element, the reader is invited to re-read the preceding scenes in order to discover the traces of God's hand.
Wénin, A. (2012). De surprise en surprise. L’exemple de 1 S 9,1-18. In G. Van Oyen, A. Wénin (ed.), La surprise dans la Bible (p. p. 33-49). Peeters. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/157457