Cold exposure (2 degrees C for 7 days) in constant darkness at mummy stage induces diapause expression in 9% of the Praon volucre Haliday population. Diapausing parasitoids show a significant delay in emergence time compared with nondiapausing counterparts. A diapause-mediated polyphenism is observed in mummy colour, with diapausing mummies being clearly darker than nondiapausing ones. The diapause status of dark mummies is confirmed by a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Diapausing parasitoids also display specific morphological characteristics: they are heavier (fresh and dry mass) and accumulate larger fat reserves than nondiapausing counterparts. The diapause status is associated with a fitness cost in terms of adult longevity. There is no evidence of diapause-related change in supercooling ability.
Colinet, H., Muratori, F., & Hance, T. (2010). Cold-induced expression of diapause in Praon volucre: fitness cost and morpho-physiological characterization. Physiological Entomology: from biochemistry to behaviour, 35(4), 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2010.00743.x (Original work published 2010)