Notched round copper bars are prestrained to various extents, recrystallized, and finally strained until fracture. Void nucleation and growth during prestraining cause a decrease in the macroscopic void coalescence strain. Modelling of this experiment requires a proper account of the changes in void sizes and their interdistances during prestraining. Modelling based on the Gurson-Leblond-Perrin model for void growth and the Thomason model for void coalescence is proposed. Comparison with experimental results allows a demonstration of the validity of the Thomason model and the inadequacy of models based on a critical porosity value. Porosity at coalescence is found to depend on the initial void volume fraction, the how properties and the stress state.
Pardoen, T., & Delannay, F. (1998). The coalescence of voids in prestrained notched round copper bars. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 21(12), 1459-1472. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.1998.00123.x (Original work published 1998)