Chloride and protons perform important closely related roles in many cellular responses. Here we developed a ratiometric biosensor, ClopHensor, based on a highly chloride-sensitive Aequorea victoria GFP variant that is suited for the combined real-time optical detection of pH changes and chloride fluxes in live cells. We detected high chloride concentration in large dense-core exocytosis granules by targeting ClopHensor to these intracellular compartments.
Arosio, D., Ricci, F., Marchetti, L., Gualdani, R., Albertazzi, L., & Beltram, F. (2010). Simultaneous intracellular chloride and pH measurements using a GFP-based sensor. Nature Methods : techniques for life scientists and chemists, 7(7), 516-518. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1471 (Original work published 2010)