Advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and methodologies for microbiology contribute to our understanding of the microbial cell surface. Recent studies show that AFM imaging of cells and membranes at (near) molecular resolution allows detailed visualization of membranes interacting with drugs.
Oliveira Paiva, T. M., Viljoen, A., & Dufrêne, Y. (2022). Seeing the unseen: High-resolution AFM imaging captures antibiotic action in bacterial membranes. Nature Communications, 13(1), 6196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33839-z (Original work published 2022)