The floral biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of Narthecium ossifragum (Liliaceae) were analysed in the high Ardennes, Belgium, during the summer 1986. A new kind of pollination for this species was noticed: some flower buds don't open but set seeds. Observations substantiate the claim of self-fertilization which is connected to pseudocleistogamy. A probable cause for this bud pollination is drought. Nevertheless, its efficiency and frequency are very low.
Jacquemart, A.-L., & De Sloover, J. (1992). The Part taken by cleistogamy in narthecium-ossifragum reproductive strategy. Flora, 187(1-2), 67-72. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/78639 (Original work published 1992)