The purpose of this paper is to show how to derive macroscopic quantities by taking the average of microscopic quantities without using either vectorial type integrals or volume integrals. The method developed here is compatible with theories referring to a curved space (e.g. general relativity), and is achieved at a purely classical (non-quantified) level, in spite of an analogy with the quantum theories. An approximate method of calculation, which is derived almost automatically from the definition of macroscopic quantities, is also developed. By using a spherical approximation, an approximate calculation is carried out on three classical examples, namely: the evaluation of the conductivity of an emulsion, the calculus of the dielectric permeability of a polar gas, and the derivation of the properties of a `cold plasma' in the general relativity theory.
Matagne, E. (1975). [The correspondence between microscopic and macroscopic models]. Portugaliae Physica, 9(4), 141-176. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/83849 (Original work published 1975)