A series of experiments were performed to improve understanding of the hydrodynamic mechanisms relevant to the flooding phenomenon in gas-liquid countercurrent flow through vertical short multitube geometries. In addition to the conventional measurements of global hydrodynamic parameters such as phasic flow rates and two-phase pressure drops, the local time-varying thicknesses of the liquid films trickling down the individual tubes were measured by means of conductance probes mounted flush at different locations of the inner wall surfaces. A PC-based data acquisition and analysis system was developed to collect these highly fluctuating data and to make detailed statistical analyses. The experimental results and visual observations revealed two dominant hydrodynamic instability mechanisms that have not been well taken into account by the existing semiempirical models.
Zhang, JZ., Seynhaeve, J.-M., & Giot, M. (1992). Experiments On the Hydrodynamics of Air Water Countercurrent-flow Through Vertical Short Multitube Geometries. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 5(6), 755-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(92)90119-P (Original work published 1992)