This review is the report of a single experimental protocol on the nature, structure and mechanical strength of 136 bones samples from the vertebral body of 9 subjects. On these samples, we combined mechanical testing with density measurements (Part I), a study of some microarchitectural parameters (part II) and a biochemical analysis of bone collagen (part III). As multiple samples were studied in each subject we explored whether a given parameter was characteristic of that subject. The parameters ware also systematically screened as potential indicators of the bone quality. The association of biochemical and microarchitectural data offered a unique opportunity to compare both sets of data (part IV). Finally, in a technical addendum, we report the comparison of histology vs pQCT (a small scanner) as investigation tools for the bone density and microarchitecture