Les collèges jésuites et la société belge du XIXe siècle (1831-1914) : échanges, influences et interactions
(2005)
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Details
- Authors
- Supervisors
- Lory, Jacques
- Abstract
- The target of this work was to contribute to the progress of our knowledge of the social history of education. During the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the schools of the Belgian Jesuits profited a period of more than 80 years of uninterrupted functioning. Tens of thousands teenagers have been gathered by the colleges in order to receive a humanities' education and to prepare a lot of them to enter the universities which will give them a secured access to the most prestigious functions of the society. Therefore the influence of the Society of Jesus upon the Belgian society of that time could be enormous but the requests and demands from the public also deeply influenced this religious order. This PhD. has tried to measure these interactions from some privileged moments of encounter, which existed, between these schools and the so-called "civilian society" of this time. To deepen the analysis of the situation, five colleges have been more especially studied (Alost, Gent, Brussels, Mons and Verviers). Five "moments" permitted the schools and the society to interact. The first of them is the process of settling of the Jesuits into the different cities where they wanted to open a school: the fathers had to take into account the political, social and religious situation of each town in order to find a sufficient support to make their project successful. They also had to find an adequate legal and financial Status to insure the survival of their college. Sometimes, fifty years were necessary to fulfil the purpose in view. The second "moment" is obviously the meeting in the classroom of two groups: the teachers, the supervisors and the administrative directors on one hand and, on the other hand, the pupils. This study has succeeded to establish which proportion of its forces the Belgian province of the Society of Jesus dedicated to the education, which were the characteristics of Jesuit teachers in comparison with their non-teachers colleagues. An unknown but numerically important world has been put in light: the world of the lay teachers of the Jesuit colleges (the study of this group has also permitted to know the Jesuits as employers). About the pupils the reputation of the colleges as elitist schools has been somehow denied: the recruitment was more diversified than expected. The school selection was strong but basically meritocratic. The lower middle class was the main victim of this selection. Finally, the education of the colleges was a good investment for the parents: a social stability was secured for the 60% of the already wealthy ones and a clear social upward mobility existed in favour of the 25% of the pupils coming from modest origin. Concerning the professional future of the pupils, these schools were the main way towards priesthood and legal professions. This was a difference between the Belgian Jesuit colleges and other schools : French Jesuit colleges, French State's schools of the Second Empire, some Belgian "Athénées" or schools of other religious orders). The pupils didn't only meet teachers; they had to study school programs and to practise some methods. Programs and methods weren't moreover as immutable as generally thought. Jesuits will put into a point ...
- Affiliations
Citations
Dusausoit, X. (2005). Les collèges jésuites et la société belge du XIXe siècle (1831-1914) : échanges, influences et interactions. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/198235