The story of the smart card is an interesting technological story because there was no research at all in the beginning. It means that there are many problems due to the fact that people wanted to solve very specific problems for few commercial applications. This paper sketches the various phases that the smart card has gone through.
Quisquater, J.-J. (1997). The adolescence of smart cards. Future Generation Computer Systems : the international journal of grid computing: theory, methods and applications, 13(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-739X(97)89108-X (Original work published 1997)