Multivariate analysis tools are exploited on a data set composed of quantitative characteristics collected on 35 populations of plants of the Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo group from Western-Europe. These samples lead to four well-defined clusters; this, together with qualitative, cytological and ecological arguments, allows for the recognition of four specific entities: D. maculata s.str., D. fuchsii (Druce) Soo,D. saccifera (Brongn.) Soo and D. caramulensis (Vermeulen) Tyteca. It is concluded that the floral characters play an essential role in the taxonomical distinction. It also appears that the set of characters measured, as well as the methods exploited, are especially well-suited and valuable tools for the morphological study of the genus Dactylorhiza.
Dufrêne, M., Gathoye, J.-L., & Tyteca, D. (1991). Biostatistical Studies On Western-european Dactylorhiza (orchidaceae) - the D-maculata Group. Plant Systematics and Evolution : Entwicklungsgeschichte und Systematik der Pflanzen, 175(1-2), 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00942145 (Original work published 1991)