We report a 5.5-year-old boy who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and who had two abdominal masses develop 6 months later. Macroscopically complete resection of the abdominal tumors was performed and revealed a well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma. Smooth muscle tumors, benign or malignant, are increasingly recognized in children with various immunodeficiencies; the association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is rarely described.
Brichard, B., Gosseye, S., Vermylen, C., Otte, J.-B., & Cornu, G. (2001). Smooth muscle tumor developing in an immunocompromised child after therapy for leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology / Oncology, 23(2), 139-141. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043426-200102000-00015 (Original work published 2001)