(en) This paper revisits and puts into perspective some assumptions about the genesis and the socio-political emergence of the Lingála language in Congo-Leopoldville (now DR Congo). Adopting a critical approach, the author focuses on the origins of this language by paying particular attention to the ethnolinguistic outlines of its gestation. Thus, the Lingála language seems to be, in its fund, a fortuitous and successful synthesis of several local languages spoken by riverside residents of the Congo River (equatorial region), which local languages were themselves marked substantially by foreign language inputs, both African and European or even Arab.
Nzoimbengene, P. (2013). Le lingála entre hier et aujourd’hui: les méandres de l’histoire (2). Congo-Afrique : économie, culture, vie sociale, 52(476), 423-433. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/248591 (Original work published 2013)