(en) The purpose of this work is to present a critical discussion of the food regime theory. This theory emerged in the late 1980s. It is an approach of political economy inspired by the theory of regulation to explain the strategic role of agriculture and food in the construction of the world capitalist economy. It identifies stable periods of capital accumulation associated with particular configurations of geopolitical power and conditioned by forms of agricultural production and consumption relations within and across national spaces. The thesis aims to show that the food regime approach offers a too limited framework to understand evolutionary dynamic of food systems in connection with globalisation. Indeed, on the one hand, it masks internal logics of the capitalist accumulation at the actor level, and, on the other hand, it does not integrate social dynamics of contestation, resistance to the current regime and search for alternatives. A reformulation of the regime concept in terms of transformation of the property relations of resources brings more insightful perspectives than the framework stemming from the theory of regulation. This work thus proposes a cross-sectional re-examination of the regimes from the point of view of enclosure and commodification process of the resources and an analysis of resistance dynamics and search for alternatives to the current regime.